ʻO ka ʻike ʻole a me ka hewa ke ana ʻana i nā manaʻo kumu i aʻo ʻia ma ka metrology, a ʻo kekahi o nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā mea hōʻike metrology.Pili pololei ia i ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena ana a me ka pololei a me ka paʻa o ka lawe waiwai.Eia naʻe, nui ka poʻe e huikau a hoʻohana hewa paha i nā mea ʻelua ma muli o nā manaʻo maopopo ʻole.Hoʻohui kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻike o ke aʻo ʻana i ka "Evaluation and Expression of Measurement Uncertainty" e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.ʻO ka mea mua e akaka, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa manaʻo ma waena o ke ana ʻole a me ka hewa.
Hōʻike ka ʻike ʻole o ke ana ʻana i ka loiloi o ka laulima o nā waiwai e waiho ai ka waiwai maoli o ka waiwai i ana ʻia.Hāʻawi ia i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo e like me kahi kūlana hilinaʻi.Hiki iā ia ke ʻokoʻa maʻamau a i ʻole ka nui o ia mea, a i ʻole ka hapalua-ākea o ka wā e hōʻike ana i ka pae hilinaʻi.ʻAʻole ia he kuhi hewa maoli, hōʻike wale ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o ka pae hewa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana.Loaʻa ia mai ka hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻole o nā hopena ulia a me nā hopena ʻōnaehana, a he ʻāpana hoʻopuehu i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā waiwai i ana ʻia i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maopopo ʻole i ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻāpana loiloi, A a me B, e like me ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou.ʻO ka ʻāpana loiloi ʻano A ʻo ia ka loiloi maopopo ʻole i hana ʻia ma o ka ʻikepili helu o ka moʻo nānā, a ua manaʻo ʻia ka māhele loiloi ʻano B ma muli o ka ʻike a i ʻole nā ʻike ʻē aʻe, a ua manaʻo ʻia aia kekahi ʻāpana kānalua i hōʻike ʻia e kahi "ʻokoʻa maʻamau".
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pili ka hewa i ke ana hewa, a ʻo kāna wehewehe kuʻuna ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hopena ana a me ka waiwai maoli o ka waiwai i ana ʻia.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā hewa ʻōnaehana a me nā hewa pōʻino.Loaʻa ka hewa ma ke ʻano kūpono, a he waiwai paʻa ia, akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka waiwai maoli i ka nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pololei ʻia ka hewa maoli.ʻImi wale mākou i ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi loa o ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo maʻamau.
Ma o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka manaʻo, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka nui o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maopopo ʻole o ke ana ʻana a me ke ana hewa.
1. Nā ʻokoʻa o nā kumu loiloi:
ʻO ka maopopo ʻole o ke ana i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i ka lūlū ʻana o ka waiwai i ana ʻia;
ʻO ke kumu o ke ana hewa ʻana, ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā hopena ana mai ka waiwai maoli.
2. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hopena loiloi:
ʻO ka ʻike ʻole o ke ana ʻana he ʻāpana i hōʻike ʻole ʻia e ka deviation maʻamau a i ʻole nā helu he nui o ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau a i ʻole ka hapalua laula o ka wā hilinaʻi.Loiloi ʻia e ka poʻe ma muli o ka ʻike e like me nā hoʻokolohua, ʻikepili, a me ka ʻike.Hiki ke hoʻoholo nui ʻia e nā ʻano loiloi loiloi ʻelua, ʻo A a me B. ;
ʻO ka hewa ana he waiwai me ka hōʻailona maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha.ʻO kona waiwai ka hopena ana i hoʻemi ʻia ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo i ana ʻia.No ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka waiwai maoli, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa pololei.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waiwai maoli maʻamau ma kahi o ka waiwai maoli, hiki ke loaʻa ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻia.
3. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻoikaika:
Loaʻa ka maopopo ʻole o ke ana i nā kānaka ma o ka nānā ʻana a me ka loiloi, no laila pili ia i ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe i ke ana, e hoʻohuli i ka nui a me ke kaʻina ana;
Loaʻa nā hewa i ke ana ʻana, ʻaʻole pili i nā kumu o waho, ʻaʻole e loli me ka ʻike o nā kānaka;
No laila, i ka wā e hana ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maopopo ʻole, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā ʻano kumu like ʻole, a pono e hōʻoia ʻia ka loiloi o ka maopopo ʻole.Inā ʻaʻole, ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka nānā ʻana a me ka helu ʻana, nui paha ka kānalua i manaʻo ʻia ke kokoke loa ka hopena ana i ka waiwai maoli (ʻo ia hoʻi, liʻiliʻi ka hewa), a i ʻole liʻiliʻi loa ka kānalua i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hewa ana. nui.
4. Nā ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano:
ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā waiwai o ke ana ʻike ʻole a me nā ʻāpana ʻike ʻole.Inā pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, pono e hōʻike ʻia e like me: "nā ʻāpana maopopo ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā hopena maʻamau" a me "nā ʻāpana maopopo ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā hopena ʻōnaehana";
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hewa ana i nā hewa a me nā hewa systematic e like me kā lākou mau waiwai.Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻo nā kuhi hewa a me nā hewa ʻōnaehana he mau manaʻo kūpono i ka hihia o nā ana he nui ʻole.
5. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hopena ana:
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "kūpono ʻole" ponoʻī e pili ana i kahi waiwai i hiki ke koho ʻia.ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i kahi waiwai hewa kikoʻī a pololei.ʻOiai hiki ke koho ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai.Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka maopopo ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻole i ka maopopo ʻole o nā hopena ana i hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Inā ʻike ʻia ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻia o ka hewa ʻōnaehana, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hopena ana e loaʻa ai ka hopena ana i hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻiaʻana o ka nui, kokoke paha ia i ka waiwai maoli, akā,ʻaʻole i emi wale kona kānalua, akā i kekahi manawa e lilo ia i mea nui.ʻO ka mea nui kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pono i ka nui o ka waiwai maoli, akā hiki ke koho wale i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kokoke a i ʻole ka mamao o nā hopena ana mai ka waiwai maoli.
ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻokoʻa ma luna aʻe nei ka ʻokoʻa o ke ana ʻana a me ka hewa, pili mau lākou.ʻO ka manaʻo o ka maopopo ʻole ʻo ia ka noi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo hewa, a ʻo ka loiloi hewa ʻo ia ke kumu kumu no ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻike ʻole o ke ana ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻāpana ʻano B, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka loiloi hewa.No ka laʻana, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ana ma ke ʻano o ka hapa i ʻae ʻia, ka hewa hōʻike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. "palena hewa ʻae ʻia".ʻO ia ka ʻae ʻia o ka hewa hōʻike i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea hana no kekahi ʻano mea kani, ʻaʻole ka hewa maoli o kekahi mea kani.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hewa nui i ʻae ʻia o kahi mea ana ma ka manual mea kani, a ua hōʻike ʻia me ka hōʻailona hoʻohui a i ʻole hōʻemi ke hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he helu helu, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka hewa piha, hewa pili, hewa kuhikuhi a i ʻole hui pū ʻia.No ka laʻana ± 0.1PV, ± 1%, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui i ʻae ʻia o ke ana ʻana ʻaʻole ia ka maopopo ʻole o ke ana ʻana, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kumu no ka loiloi ʻana i ke ana ʻike ʻole.Hiki ke loiloi ʻia ka maopopo ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea ana i ka hopena ana e like me ka hapa nui i ʻae ʻia o ka mea hana e like me ke ʻano loiloi B-type.ʻO kekahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka waiwai hōʻike o ka mea ana a me ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo i ʻaelike ʻia o ka mea hoʻokomo pili, ʻo ia ka hewa hōʻike o ka mea ana.No nā mea hana ana kino, ʻo ka waiwai i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia kona waiwai nominal.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia a hoʻopuka hou ʻia e kekahi maʻamau ana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka waiwai ʻoiaʻiʻo i ʻaelike ʻia (i kapa pinepine ʻia ka waiwai calibration a i ʻole ka waiwai maʻamau).I ka hana hōʻoia, i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka maopopo ʻole o ka waiwai maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ana maʻamau ʻo 1/3 a 1/10 o ka hapa nui i ʻae ʻia o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, a ʻo ka hewa hōʻailona o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia aia i loko o ka palena kiʻekiʻe i ʻae ʻia. hewa, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he kūpono.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-10-2023
